Informatics Publishing Limited

Kaushal Kumar Bhati ¹, Rajesh Singh ²

Affiliations
1 National Agri-food biotechnology Institute, Mohali, IN
2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Exserohilum turcicum is a fungal phytopathogen causing turcicum leaf blight and responsible for a severe loss of yield in maize. This work was aimed to characterize the rhizospherie fluorescent Pseudomonas having antagonistic property against E.turcicum, characterized by biochemical tests and 16S r DNA sequences. Out of total 33 isolates, 6 bacterial strains viz., MBLK1, MBLK3, MBLK6, MBLK15, MBLK17, and MBLK22 were found to be antagonistic against E.turcicum. Antagonistic bacteria were analyzed for their plant growth promotion ability on maize variety HUZ-M60.

Keywords

Antagonism, 16s r DNA, PGPRs, Exserohilum turcicum, Maize.

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Rajesh Singh ¹, Piyush Kuchhal ¹, Sushaban Choudhury ¹, Anita Gehlot ¹

Affiliations
1 University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Bidholi, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to illustrate a method for design and implementation of a room heating system which maintains a constant preset temperature across the given room. Temperature control of room heating system has drawbacks related to repeated ON/OFF switching, longer settling time, large time constants, and overshoot. The temperature of the room may vary over a different range in accordance with the variation in the atmospheric condition. The system is designed with two controllers-GA and PID. GA-PID system has resulted in more percentage saving in power, lower settling time, less overshoots and lower cost in comparison with conventional heater without the facility of wireless dimming. Heater will receive the information about the room temperature and set temperature through remote and constant temperature is maintained by automatic adjustment of control parameters K_P, K_I, K_D using PID tuner and optimization of these parameters with GA. Optimized values has been implemented on real time heater node which comprises of dimmer, processing unit, RF modem and remote control consisting of switch array, RF modem, LCD display, temperature sensor and processing unit. The setup is simulated using Proteus and the control method is simulated using MATLAB. It is observed through experimental set up that the energy saving is upto12.11% as compared to conventional heater. The application will be in household, office premises, shopping complex/malls.

Keywords

GA, Heater, Intelligent Network, PID, Remote Control, RF Modem.

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Sandeep Kumar ¹, Achin Kumar ², Sumit Rai ², Suryakant ², Rajesh Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013 to find out the effect of mulching and NPK levels on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in bael (Aegle marmelos) based agri-horti system under rainfed condition of Vindhyan region. There were twelve treatment combinations comprised of three levels of mulching (no mulch, wheat straw mulch and dust mulch) and four levels of RDF NPK (50%, 75%, 100%, 125%). The experiment was laid out under split-plot design with three replications. Significant improvement was recorded in growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, dry matter accumulation per plant, number of ears per plant, ear length, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, stover yield, harvest index (%), nutrient uptake and economic returns. Significantly higher yield of pearl millet (1908 kg/ha) was observed in the plot that received 125% RDF, which was found at par with the 100% RDF and in case of mulching, the maximum yield was observed with dust mulch (1942 kg/ha) than all other treatments. The application of dust mulch and 125% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) NPK (T₁₂) treatment have distinct superiority as compared to all other treatments under bael based agri-horti system and more suitable for moisture conservation practice in pearl millet.

Keywords

Mulching, NPK Level, Agri-Horti System, Pearl Millet.

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Rajesh Singh ¹, Ajeet K. Maurya ¹, B. Veenadhari ², Sneha A. Gokani ², R. Selvakumaran ², Morris B. Cohen ³, Olivier Chanrion ³, Torsten Neubert ³

Affiliations
1 KSK Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, IIG, Chamanganj, Allahabad 221 505, IN
2 Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai 410 218, IN
3 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Sneha A. Gokani ¹, Rajesh Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai 410 218, IN
2 KSK Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Chamanganj, Allahabad 221 505, IN

Abstract

Since last four decades and more generation and propagation mechanism of very low latitude (L < 1.4) whistlers has been studied by many workers in lowlatitude regions and especially in India. The key questions that remain unanswered include: (1) Where are the lightning discharges, the source of whistlers located? (2) Do the whistler waves at low latitudes propagate along the magnetic field lines in low latitude ionosphere? We reported that the lightning discharges that have generated whistlers are located in the conjugate region in the Indian Ocean and suggested the whistlers at these stations propagate along the magnetic field lines in the low latitude ionosphere. In this communication, we present the arrival azimuth determination technique adopted to confirm the location of the lightning discharges which generated the observed whistlers and the technique is validated with real-time lightning data. The technique adopted to determine the arrival azimuths of low latitude whistler causative lightning discharges is of significance and will help in resolving the unanswered questions of low latitude whistler phenomena.

Keywords

Arrival Azimuth, Ionosphere, Lightning, Low Latitude, Whistlers.

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Anshuman Prakash ¹, Mukesh Kumar Ojha ², Manpreet Kaur Khurana ¹, Rajesh Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun - 248007, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida - 201306, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

In today’s world, wearable devices are progressively being used for the enhancement of the nature of the life of individuals. Human Machine Interface (HMI) has been studied for dominant the mechanical device rehabilitation aids through biosignals like EOG and EMG etc., and so on. EMG signals have been studied in detail due to the occurrence of a definite signal pattern. The current proposal focuses on the advancement of a Wearable Device control by using EMG signals of hand movements for controlling the electronic devices. EMG signals are utilized for the production of the control indicators to develop the device control. Also, an EMG sign procurement framework was produced. To create different control signals relying on the sufficiency and length of time of signal segments, the obtained EMG signals were then prepared for device control.

Keywords

Electromyography (EMG), HMI, Wrist movements, Wearable.

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Anita Gehlot ¹, Piyush Kuchhal ¹, Adesh Kumar ¹, Rajesh Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun - 248007, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

High death rates are observed after accidents due to non-wearing helmet of driver with two-wheeler. Many studies on statistics data for various parts of world had been carried out which clearly supports this statement. A new approach to address this issue along with the authentication of ownership of vehicle is proposed, which is designed in such way unless an authorized person with RFID tag wears the helmet the vehicle will not be ignited. The paper focuses on the chip design and implementation of hardware system on FPGA for vehicle. The high speed controller is designed Xilinx 14.2 ISE software with the help of VHDL programming language and synthesized on Virtex-5 FPGA. Modelsim 10.1b is used for the function simulation to test the different test cases. The developed system supports the frequency of 781.250 MHz, which is proposed as optimal solution for the intelligent system.

Keywords

Authentication, Controller, FPGA Safety, Two-Wheeler.

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Sajal Sharma ¹, Ankit Muley ¹, Rajesh Singh ¹, Anita Gehlot ¹

Affiliations
1 CoES, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun - 248007, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

An unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft with its crew removed and replaced by a computer system and radio link. This paper describes the use of a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle which includes a system for real time video transfer, temperature sensing and also a smoke detecting unit. The multi-rotor described in this paper is a quad-rotor, which is capable of flying autonomously and transmitting the collected data in real time along with a video feed. The control of multi-rotor is done using graphic user interface, video is received and recorded on a laptop and the data is displayed over another graphic user interface designed on lab-view software. This multi-rotor with the described set of sensory nodes helped in real time monitoring of environment. The use of these unmanned aerial vehicles can be extended to various other fields such as data collection, object delivery, surveillance, research etc.

Keywords

Autonomous, Central Node, Environmental Monitoring, GPS, Multi-Rotor, Real-time Video Surveillance, Sensor Nodes, Safety Inspection, Temperature Sensor, UAV.

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Rajesh Singh ¹, Piyush Kuchhal ¹, Anita Gehlot ¹, Sushabhan Choudhury ¹

Affiliations
1 University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun - 248007, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper provides solution for home automation, in terms of an energy efficient system. The objective is to design a device in the form of an intelligent remote control, to control the ambient condition of a house. Methods: An intelligent RF based remote control is developed which is capable of controlling in two modes- autonomous and semiautonomous. The dimming levels of appliances are tuned with optimized PID controller. A real hardware prototype is developed to control two parameters- light intensity and humidity level of the room. The tuning parameters of PID controller are calculated with the help of overall transfer function of the system, which includes the feedback signal from sensor, objective function of optimization algorithm and transfer function of the appliance (which is used to control the ambient conditions of room). Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is used to optimize the tuning parameters for PID and results shows more energy efficiency with proposed system, when compared to conventional systems. Findings: The experimental results show prominent saving of energy by using proposed PSO-PID algorithm for designed system. It is calculated as 37.49% for light intensity control system and for humidity control saving comes out 36.9%. Novelty of the proposed system is new approach in terms of intelligent hybrid remote control

Keywords

Energy Efficient, Home automation, intelligent remote control, PID controller, PSO-PID

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Shraddha Rastogi ¹, Sameer Gupta ¹, Chandana Haldar ¹, Rajesh Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Crosstalk between the neuro-endocrine axis and immune cells is documented in many laboratory and clinical studies. The pineal gland and its hormone melatonin play a central role in this network by positively regulating immune cell proliferation and differentiation via influencing the synthesis of immunomodulatory molecules. However, the pineal-thymus interaction in modulating their bi-directional communication remains elusive. In the present study we investigated the effect of pineal-thymus interaction on the structure and functional status of lymphoid tissues (i.e., spleen and lymph nodes) in a tropical seasonal breeder, F. pennanti. We observed that pinealectomy severely compromised the immune status of the squirrels. Besides pinealectomy, simultaneous ablation of pineal and thymus gland, further resulted in atrophy of the lymphoid tissues along with reduced total leucocyte and lymphocyte count. Exogenous melatonin administration improved the total leucocyte and lymphocyte count and restored T cell dependent immune responses and lymphoid tissue architecture in pinealectomized (Px) group. Our observations suggest that suppression of endogenous melatonin in Px group decreased the efficiency of the immune system probably by modulating the production of thymic factors, which becomes even severe with simultaneous ablation of the thymus and pineal gland, resulting in declined immune responsiveness. Thus, it can be inferred that the pineal melatonin and its interaction with thymus plays an important role in regulation of immune status of the squirrels.

Keywords

F. pennanti, Immunity, Lymphoid Tissues, Pinealectomy, Thymectomy.

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K. Venkatesham ¹, Rajesh Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 K.S.K. Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Allahabad 221 505, IN

Abstract

The present study delineates on the observations and modelling of low latitude D-region ionosphere perturbations caused by strongest solar flare (X6.9) of solar cycle 24. An extreme space weather event occurred on 9 August 2011. To understand the severity of X-class flare on ionosphere, a comparative study was made with a low intensity C-class flare of 6 August 2011. Both flares originated from the same sunspot AR#1263. Very low frequency (VLF) waves propagating in the Earth’s ionosphere wave guide (EIWG) measured from VLF transmitter NWC (19.8 kHz) located in Australia, and recorded at Allahabad (India) were used. The recorded VLF amplitude and phase were modelled with long wavelength propagation capability code to understand solar flare-induced ionospheric variation. Modelling results revealed that the lower boundary of D-region ionosphere is lowered by 10 km during X-class and 1.0 km for C-class flare. This implies change in the properties of EIWG, and hence becomes important to observe our ionosphere on continuous basis for space weather events since ionosphere is the key medium of propagation for radio waves.

Keywords

Low Latitude, D-Region Ionosphere, Solar Flare, Solar Cycle 24, Very Low Frequency Waves.

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Adarsh Dube ¹, Ajeet K. Maurya ², Rajesh Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Dr K. S. Krishnan Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Allahabad 221 505, IN
2 Department of Physics, Doon University, Dehradun 248 001, IN

Abstract

In this study we examine first of its kind from Indian sub-continent which concentrates the electrical signatures of lightning discharges associated with a very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS). Phailin cyclone during 8–14 October 2013 has been selected for the study. We have primarily used ground-based GLD360 network lightning data to understand the distribution, polarity and radiated peak current of lightning discharge associated with the inner core (~100 km radius) of Phailin. In the initial development stage of Phailin as a deep depression on 8–9 October, there were very few lightning discharged (>50) in the inner core, but when Phailin developed into a VSCS on 10 October, ~2300 lightning discharges were recorded in inner core. There was near-even distribution of positive cloud to ground and negative cloud to ground discharges in the core, and with strong opposite peak currents of ±150 kA prior to the cyclone landfall. The observations show that monitoring of lightning discharges in eye of the cyclone is helpful in tracking its intensity changes and hence can serve as early warning systems.

Keywords

Electrical Signature, Lightning Discharges, Peak Current, Tropical Cyclone.

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Rajesh Singh ¹, Himanshu Sharma ², Naval Kishore Mehta ¹, Anil Vohra ¹, Sanjay Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronic Science, Kurukshetra University, IN
2 CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, IN

Abstract

Automatic facial expression recognition (FER) remained a challenging problem in computer vision. Recognition of human facial expression is difficult for machine learning techniques since there is a variation in emotional expression from person to person. With the advancement in deep learning and the easy availability of digital data, this process has become more accessible. We proposed an efficient facial expression recognition model based EfficientNet as backbone architecture and trained the proposed model using the transfer learning technique. In this work, we have trained the network on publicly available emotion datasets (RAF-DB, FER-2013, CK+). We also used two ways to compare our trained model: inner and cross-data comparisons. In an internal comparison, the model achieved an accuracy of 81.68 % on DFEW and 71.02 % on FER-2013. In a cross-data comparison, the model trained on RAF-DB and tested on CK+ achieved 78.59%, while the model trained on RAF-DB and tested on FER-2013 achieved 56.10% accuracy. Finally, we generated an t-SEN distribution of our model on both datasets to demonstrate the model's inter-class discriminatory power.

Keywords

FER, Deep Convolution Neural Network, EfficientNet, Transfer Learning

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K. Venkatesham ¹, Ajeet K. Maurya ², Rajesh Singh ¹, Suneet Dwivedi ³

Affiliations
1 KSK Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Prayagraj 211 506, India., IN
2 Department of Physics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226 025, India., IN
3 K. Banerjee Centre of Atmospheric and Ocean Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 221 002, India., IN

Abstract

X-class solar flares, which occurred in the daytime from 2008 to 2016 during solar cycle 24, were studied for their influence on the lower ionosphere over the low-equatorial Indian region. To understand the D-region behaviour during flare events, we used the very low frequency (VLF) navigational transmitter NWC (19.8 kHz) signal recorded at Pryagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of seven parameters were estimated: (i) the magnitude of X-ray flux, (ii) VLF signal rising amplitude perturbation (SRAP), (iii) X-ray flux and NWC signal start time difference (STD), (iv) peak time difference (PTD), (v) Wait’s ionospheric parameters h′ (reference height), (vi) β (sharpness factor) and (vii) D-region electron density difference (EDD) to determine the overall effect of solar flares on the D-region. The results suggest that three parameters (X-ray flux, SRAP and h′) show a decreasing trend through the linear fit line, two parameters (β and EDD) show an increasing trend, while the remaining two parameters show a mixed trend (decrease during low activity and increase during high activity). Further, the trend line during the diurnal variation shows an increasing trend for X-ray flux, PTD and h′, and a decreasing trend for SRAP, STD, β and EDD. Deviation in the case of individual events may indicate the dependence of these parameters on the seasons as well. The present study will provide the base for more robust analysis and modelling work in the future to understand the complexity of ionospheric change during flare events, and to develop a predictive model for space weather mitigation.

Keywords

D-Region Ionosphere, Space Weather, Solar Cycle, Solar Flares, Trend Line, Vlf Waves.

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